Регулювання ринку зерна в умовах глобалізації
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата економічних наук зі спеціальності 08.00.03 «Економіка та управління національним господарством». Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України. Київ, 2019.Дисертацію присвячено обґрунтуванню теоретичних, методичних та практичних аспектів регулювання ринку зерна для забезпечення реалізації стратегічних цілей державної аграрної політики України в умовах глобалізації. Узагальнено еволюцію поглядів представників різних наукових шкіл щодо необхідності державного регулювання економіки, визначено об’єктивну необхідність та особливості регулювання ринку зерна. З’ясовано економічну сутність ринку зерна, визначено тенденції розвитку підходів, напрямів та механізмів його регулювання з урахуванням об’єктивних закономірностей та специфічних особливостей галузі в умовах глобалізації. Визначено основні методичні підходи до оцінки ефективності регулювання ринку зерна в умовах нарощування пропозиції зерна та розвитку нових зовнішніх ринків його збуту. Оцінено сучасний стан і основні тенденції розвитку ринку вітчизняного зерна, проаналізовано ефективність механізму його регулювання та розроблено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення. Проаналізовано ефективність вітчизняної логістичної інфраструктури на ринку зерна та розроблено пропозиції щодо її удосконалення, що сприятиме підвищенню його конкурентоспроможності на внутрішньому та зовнішньому сегментах світового ринку. Обґрунтовано стратегічні орієнтири регулювання ринку зерна і розроблено прогнози основних параметрів його розвитку для забезпечення продовольчої безпеки. Розроблено пропозиції щодо удосконалення механізму регулювання ринку зерна в умовах глобальних змін зовнішнього середовища
Опис
Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Economics in specialty 08.00.03 «Economics and Management of National Economy». National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2019. Thesis is focused on studying theoretical, methodical and practical aspects of grains market regulation to enforce strategical mission of agricultural policies of Ukraine in the context of globalization. In the scientific research process, it was summarized evolution of approaches of different scientific schools as to importance of economy state regulation. It is determined that scientists mind sets were changing substantially, subject to conditions of economic system evolution, where «free self-regulation» was rather conditional. Even representatives of liberal economy called for certain minimum state regulatory functions to be in place. Conclusion is made that in developed countries, modern economy systems are functioning combining free market and state regulations principles. Where regulatory functions of free market and state – both act in synergy. Thus, era where market confronting with state regulation has gone away in past and makes no sense for countries with highly developed economies. Because both, play absolutely determined roles and functioning with unswerving unity in the social-economic systems. It is mentioned, that free (non-regulated) agricultural market, despite all potential benefits, is not capable to solve national social-economic problems, especially if some individuals private benefit is concerned. Thus, complex balanced free market and state regulatory mechanisms must be developed and implemented. It’s also of note that state regulation must be flexible and open for corrections going forward. Main correction drivers include political and economic factors but also other applied regulatory mechanisms to count as well as general institutional system ability to change. State regulation of the grains market is rather complex mechanism which includes: agricultural company’s income regulatory tools, agricultural production structure, agricultural market, cross sectoral and cross industry interactions aimed tocreate stable economic and legislation basis for facilitating grows of agricultural companies which includes balanced interests of state, farmers and consumers. During recent years Ukraine substantially increased grain production and became one of the leading exporting countries. As per last 5 marketing years, wheat and corn supply had tendency to grow where barley, oats and rye numbers decreased. As per 2016 data Ukraine exported a record of 40.2 mln: which is 7.5 % higher vs 2015. Geography of exports is also expanding: from EU block taking over 20 % to South East Asia (China, Thailand, and South Korea). As per 2015–2016, biggest wheat shipments were done to Egypt, Thailand, Indonesia; corn was delivered to Spain, China and Egypt where main barley flow was destined to traditional market of Saudi Arabia. But negative price trends observed in 2016 led to offset in exports revenues, despite increased volumes of physical shipments. So factual revenues remained virtually unchanged from 2015 and close to 6.1 bln USD. Performed calculations and analyses show that grains supply is inelastic to price, so farmers unable to make quick response. Current logistics infrastructure and its overall poor performance, railing and shipping remain limiting factor for further development. Transporting costs in agricultural sector are substantially higher compare to other developed grain exporting countries. Thesis compiles several proposals for improvement of logistics infrastructure to facilitate grows of competition in the local as well as international grains markets. High price volatility observed in the grain market gives very clear signals that current state regulation effectiveness is of low profile and needs to be adjusted. Despite increased grain production numbers, advanced grows in agricultural sector of Ukraine was not achieved due to ineffective regulatory mechanisms applied. In the Thesis, strategic targets for grains market regulations are justified, designed respective forecast models for main development parameters required to achieve food security as well as increase competitiveness of produced grains. Economic-mathematical model was created, to verify supply and demand factors impact on grain price and production effectiveness in Ukraine. Respective theoretical and methodical bases for state grain market regulation improvement were justified with implication of projection function benefits through evaluation of quantitative factors impact on pricing as a preceding balance mode of supply and demand, which is the base line for development and implementation of proper regulatory approaches with regard to grain production grows, food security, producers and consumers wellness as well as increased competitiveness in the local and international markets. During research, modification proposals for methodical approaches in production cost evaluation of wheat, barley, corn for grain in agricultural companies of Ukraine were developed, according to production resource supply base and potential scenario (optimistic, expected, pessimistic) up to 2020, basis designed forecasts of main grain crops planted areas and production costs as per technological maps. All of which brings understanding and possibility to forecast optional needs for financial resources for grain production in short, mid and long-term perspective as well as justify improvement action plans for state regulation required to achieve stable advanced grows in grain production; Suggested modifications to indicators and criteria evaluation system of grains markets regulation effectivity in the context of globalization, which include ratio of state set target reach performance level vs social resources spent, to facilitate effective use of limited financial resources
Ключові слова
регулювання, ринок зерна, попит, пропозиція, аграрна політика, глобалізація
Бібліографічний опис
Регулювання ринку зерна в умовах глобалізації: автор. дис. ...кандидата економічних наук: 08.00.03 "Економіка та управління національним господарством" (економічні науки) / Я.О. Крилов ; Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України. - К., 2019. - 24 с